Plemochoe is an open access institutional repository established for the sole purpose of gathering preserving and distributing original research material produced by the EUC faculty and researchers. Plemochoe aims to validate the intellectual life of the University by promoting scientific research to the local and international communities. Plemochoe comprises undergraduate and graduate dissertations, doctoral theses, journal articles, conference papers, working papers, technical reports, and other educational or research documents.
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  • Publication
    Ανάπτυξη αλγόριθμου διαλογής για τη δευτεροβάθμια πρόληψη του Σακχαρώδη Διαβήτη και επιπλοκών του
    (Σχολή Θετικών Επιστημών : Τμήμα Επιστημών Υγείας : Διδακτορικό στη Δημόσια Υγεία, 2019-06-20)
    Χρυσοστόμου, Χρυσόστομος
    ;
    Lavranos, Yiangos
    ;
    Lamnisos, Demetriseuro
    ;
    Leonidou, Maria
    Εισαγωγή: Η συνεχής αυξητική τάση που παρατηρείται στην διάγνωση διαβήτη ανά το παγκόσμιο, έχει κατευθύνει τις κυβερνήσεις των χωρών να υιοθετούν νέα προγράμματα αντιμετώπισης του. Στην Ευρώπη τα κράτη μέλη της, σύμφωνα με τη Διεθνή Ομοσπονδία για το Διαβήτη (2017) διαθέτουν από 10% μέχρι και το 20% των δαπανών υγείας για θεραπείες που αφορούν το διαβήτη αλλά και για επιπλοκές που οφείλονται σε αυτόν. Προκειμένου να αντιμετωπιστεί η ασθένεια αυτή στην Κύπρο, κρίθηκε αναγκαίο η εκτίμηση των κανονιστικών αναγκών των διαβητικών ατόμων, καθώς και η στάθμιση εργαλείων πρόληψης για τον Σακχαρώδη Διαβήτη. Σκοπός: Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η καταγραφή και η εκτίμηση των κανονιστικών αναγκών των διαβητικών ατόμων που πηγάζουν από την ίδια την ασθένεια και ο εντοπισμός αδιάγνωστων ατόμων μέσω του εργαλείου πρόληψης για τον Σακχαρώδη Διαβήτη Findrisk σε ένα δείγμα πληθυσμού. Μεθοδολογία: Το δείγμα πληθυσμού αποτέλεσαν 2100 άτομα. Η έρευνα διεξήχθη σε δύο φάσεις κατά τη περίοδο 2017-2018 στο Δήμο Αραδίππου. Στην πρώτη φάση εντοπίσαμε τα 188 ήδη διαγνωσμένα άτομα με διαβήτη, τα οποία κλήθηκαν να απαντήσουν ένα ερωτηματολόγιο και μέσω των απαντήσεων τους καταγράφηκε ο βαθμός ικανοποίησης των κανονιστικών αναγκών τους και του γνωστικού τους επιπέδου σχετικά με τη ασθένεια τους. Τα δεδομένα που προέκυψαν μελετήθηκαν και συγκρίθηκαν με διεθνή πρότυπα επίδοσης διαβήτη σχετικά με τους δείκτες, τις διαδικασίες και τα αποτελέσματα της παρακολούθησης διαβητικών ασθενών και με δεδομένα άλλων χωρών που εντοπίστηκαν μέσω βιβλιογραφίας. Στη δεύτερη φάση τα υπόλοιπα 1912 άτομα που δεν νοσούσαν από διαβήτη κλήθηκαν να απαντήσουν ένα δεύτερο ερωτηματολόγιο Findrisk. Στο ερωτηματολόγιο αυτό όσα άτομα μέσω της βαθμολόγησης κατατάχθηκαν ως υψηλού κινδύνου και πολύ υψηλού κινδύνου επιλέχθηκαν και παραπέμφθηκαν σε κλινικό εργαστήριο όπου υποβλήθηκαν σε καμπύλη σακχάρου για να διαπιστωθεί η τυχόν διάγνωση. Αποτελέσματα: Ο επιπολασμός διαβήτη κατά τη έναρξη της έρευνας κυμάνθηκε στο 9 % (188/ 2100 άτομα). Διαγνώσθηκαν 52 νέα περιστατικά. Τριάντα έξι νέα περιστατικά διαγνώστηκαν από τυχαία τιμή σακχάρου μετά από τριπλό έλεγχο και σύνοδα συμπτώματα διαβήτη σύμφωνα πάντοτε με τις συστάσεις του Παγκόσμιου Οργανισμού Υγείας που αφορά τη διάγνωση διαβήτη. Δέκα έξι νέα περιστατικά διαγνώσθηκαν μετά από καμπύλη σακχάρου. Ο επιπολασμός διαβήτη κατά τη λήξη της έρευνας κυμάνθηκε στο 11,4% (240/ 2100 άτομα). Διαπιστώθηκε ότι ένα άτομο κάθε σαράντα στο γενικό πληθυσμό νοσεί από διαβήτη χωρίς να έχει ακόμη διαγνωστεί. Παρατηρήθηκαν παρεκκλίσεις από τα διεθνή πρότυπα διαβήτη και μόνο σε κάποια από αυτά σχετική συμμόρφωση. Συμπεράσματα: Παρατηρήθηκαν παρεκκλίσεις από τα διεθνή πρότυπα διαβήτη αυξάνοντας τον κίνδυνο εμφάνισης επιπλοκών. Το εργαλείο πρόληψης διαβήτη Findrisk αποτελεί ισχυρό εργαλείο για εντοπισμό ατόμων υψηλού κινδύνου για εμφάνιση διαβήτη για τα επόμενα δέκα χρόνια. Παράλληλα η χρήση του έχει αποδειχθεί ότι μπορεί να βοηθήσει στην διάγνωση μέχρι τώρα αδιάγνωστων διαβητικών ατόμων. Αναλύοντας τα αποτελέσματα καταλήγουμε στο τελικό συμπέρασμα ότι θα πρέπει μελλοντικά να εφαρμοστεί μια νέα στρατηγική αντιμετώπισης του διαβήτη που να καλύπτει πλήρως τις κανονιστικές ανάγκες των διαβητικών ατόμων καθώς και τη καθολική εφαρμογή του εργαλείου πρόληψη διαβήτη Findrisk στην Κύπρο κάθε δέκα χρόνια, γεγονός που θα βοηθούσε στην καλύτερη αντιμετώπιση της ασθένειας.
  • Publication
    Ανάπτυξη και αξιολόγηση μοντέλου πρόβλεψης οστεοπορωτικών καταγμάτων στην Κύπρο
    (Σχολή Θετικών Επιστημών, Τμήμα Επιστημών Υγείας και Ιατρική Σχολή, Τμήμα Ιατρικής, 2024-09-16)
    Ξενοφώντος, Παντελής
    ;
    Εισαγωγή: Τα οστεοπορωτικά κατάγματα αποτελούν μέιζον κοινωνικοοικονομικό πρόβλημα παγκοσμίως. Το πρόβλημα αναμένεται να επιταθεί τις επόμενες δεκαετίες, καθώς το ολοένα κι αυξανόμενο προσδόκιμο επιβίωσης του ηλικιωμένου πληθυσμού, θα οδηγήσει σε έκρηξη της συχνότητας της οστεοπόρωσης και των συνοδών καταγμάτων χαμηλής βίας. Σκοπός: Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η αξιολόγηση και σημασία του κλινικού εργαλείου FRAX®, στην εκτίμηση καταγματικού κινδύνου σε άνδρες και γυναίκες άνω των 65 ετών, την καταγραφή βασικών παραμέτρων για την πρόληψη οστεοπόρωσης, καθώς και την πιθανή συσχέτιση των αποτελεσμάτων με βάση παραμέτρους που αφορούν τον ίδιο τον ασθενή. Μεθοδολογία: Η μελέτη έλαβε χώρα στο Γενικό Νοσοκομείο Λευκωσίας Κύπρου. Ο χρόνος διεξαγωγής της μελέτης ήταν από τον Ιούνιο του 2017 μέχρι το Μάϊο του 2018. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτελούσαν τόσο ασθενείς που εισήχθησαν με κάταγμα στην περιοχή πέριξ του ισχίου (υποκεφαλικάά, διατροχαντήήρια, υποτροχαντήήρια, βασεοαυχενικά), όσο και νοσοκομειακοί μάρτυρες, χωρίς ιστορικό κατάγματος. Για την εκπλήρωση της παρούσας μελέτης προγραμματίστηκε να συμμετέχει ένα δείγμα 401 ατόμων (195 ασθενών & 206 μαρτύρων). Αποτελέσματα: Η ανάλυση με χρήση μοντέλων πολυπαραγοντικής γραμμικής παλινδρόμησης επιβεβαίωσε την αποτελεσματικότητά τους σύμφωνα με τον αλγόριθμο FRAX. Οι παράγοντες κινδύνου για κατάγματα διαφοροποιήθηκαν μεταξύ δύο ηλικιακών ομάδων, με τα μοντέλα να δείχνουν υψηλές τιμές R-τετράγωνου. Συγκεκριμένα, οι σημαντικοί παράγοντες ήταν το φύλο, η ηλικία, οι συνήθειες του τρόπου ζωής (κάπνισμα, κατανάλωση αλκοόλ) και οι προϋπάρχουσες παθήσεις (διαβήτης, υπέρταση, ρευματοειδής αρθρίτιδα). Τα μοντέλα FRAX_Major_Osteoporotic και FRAX_HI παρουσίασαν υψηλή προγνωστική αξία, με R square = 0.86 και 0.83 αντίστοιχα. Οι εξισώσεις πρόβλεψης ήταν οι εξής: FRAX_Major_Osteoporotic (%) = 2.02 – 1.11 (Φύλο) + 0.05 (Ηλικία) + 0.51 (Κάπνισμα) + 5.47 (Αλκοόλ) + 0.36 (Διαβήτης) + 0.59 (Υπέρταση) + 11.92 (Ρευματοειδής νόσος) + 0.92 (Διαγνωσμένη οστεοπόρωση) – 0.92 (Tscore) + 6.74 (Κάταγμα). FRAX_HI (%) = 1.47 - 0.98 (Φύλο) + 0.03 (Ηλικία) + 1.03 (Κάπνισμα) + 4.40 (Αλκοόλ) + 0.06 (Διαβήτης) + 0.35 (Υπέρταση) + 7.56 (Ρευματοειδής νόσος) + 0.27 (Διαγνωσμένη οστεοπόρωση) – 0.56 (Tscore) + 5.11 (Κάταγμα). Συμπεράσματα: Συμπεράσματα: Η μελέτη συμβάλλει στο αυξανόμενο σώμα των στοιχείων σχετικά με τους παράγοντες κινδύνου κατάγματος, τονίζοντας την περίπλοκη αλληλεπίδραση της ηλικίας, του φύλου, των επιλογών τρόπου ζωής, και των συννοσηροτήτων, για πρώτη φορά στον Κυπριακό πληθυσμό.
  • Publication
    The childhood prevalence and characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Cyprus and the predictors of minimally verbal children, using a new parent report tool
    (School of Sciences, Department of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 2024-07-05)
    Kilili-lesta, Margarita
    ;
    Louiza Voniati
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    Peteinou, Kakia
    Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence was not consistently monitored in Europe nor reported for Cyprus in the literature. Limited research was found concerning children with ASD presenting with persistent language delay, considered nonverbal/minimally-verbal (NV/MV). The factors associated with linguistic differences within ASD are indefinite. Purpose: This research aimed to examine which prelinguistic factors predicted linguistic outcome in ASD, and to determine the childhood prevalence, gender ratio, and characteristics for ASD in Cyprus, the factors associated with prevalence, and the risk/prognostic factors associated with ASD-NV/MV linguistic status, using a new parent report tool in Greek, developed and validated by the research team. Methodology: First, a cross-sectional study with convenience cluster school-sample of 117 schools and weighted child-sample (five-to-12 years) of 9,990 students, calculated the prevalence through school report. Second, the newly developed Developmental/Verbal Language Phase (DeVLP) questionnaire (collecting familial, perinatal, developmental, and current linguistic information) was validated in a sample of 22 children with ASD and 28 without, based on the gold-standard method, language sample analysis. Third, the risk and prognostic factors for ASD-NV/MV status in a convenience sample of 56 children (three-to-12 years) already diagnosed with ASD, were examined via an age-and-gender-matched case-control study, utilizing the DeVLP tool to determine linguistic status. Results: ASD prevalence in Cyprus (2022-2023) was 1.8% with 4.1 males for every female. Males, children enrolled in preschool, and special schools, had a higher probability of report of an ASD diagnosis compared to females, elementary level, and mainstream schools (p<0.05). Of the familial, perinatal, and developmental factors examined, only a low early development score (EDS), corresponding to a high developmental risk score was significantly associated with reduced linguistic outcome (p<0.05). Children with lower EDS, reflecting delays in developmental milestones (gestures, motor skills, etc.), had higher probability of ASD-NV/MV classification using the valid and reliable DeVLP instrument. Conclusions: This research provided the first published data for ASD prevalence in Cyprus, a novel parent report tool (DeVLP) assessing linguistic skill and for the first time the interlinguistic skills of children with ASD, including those classified as NV/MV in Cyprus were examined. Results emphasized the need for monitoring prevalence, classifying ASD-NV/MV status utilizing the new and valid DeVLP tool, and monitoring early development for toddlers at-risk-for-ASD, in Cyprus, to enhance their linguistic skills as early as possible, for an optimum outcome. The impact of this research in public policy for ASD was substantial in the new National Strategy for Autism, by providing information on the prevalence, characteristics, and needs of children with ASD in Cyprus, which was missing.
  • Publication
    Comparison of case-based learning versus lecture-based learning in undergraduate medical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    (School of Medicine : Master Degree Program in Medical Education, 2024-06-08)
    Femi, Lukman Owolabi
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    Papadopoulos, Dimitrios
    Background: Case-based learning (CBL) and lecture-based learning (LBL) are two well-established instructional approaches in education. CBL emphasizes active participation, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills, while LBL relies primarily on lectures for knowledge transfer. The effectiveness of these methods has been a subject of ongoing research and discussion due to their respective strengths and limitations. Understanding the advantages and drawbacks of CBL and LBL is crucial in determining the most suitable approach for specific educational contexts and desired learning outcomes. Aim: This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of case-based learning compared to traditional lecture-based learning in medical education. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals OnLine, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Wiley Online Library. The screening and selection process adhered to predetermined eligibility criteria using RAYYAN software. A mean difference metaanalysis was performed employing random-effects models and the DerSimonian Laird method to generate forest plots, evaluate heterogeneity, and assess publication bias. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the analysis was performed using STATA Version 18 software. Results: Seventeen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed, involving a total of 1,937 participants. Among them, 977 medical students were assigned to the case-based learning group, while 960 medical students were assigned to the lecture based learning group. The meta-analysis showed a pooled mean difference of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.13), favoring the effectiveness of case-based learning over traditional lecture-based learning in medical education with significant heterogeneity (I2 > 89.05%, P < 0.001 and the H2 = 9.13) and no evidence of publication bias (Egger 0.1323 and Begg's P= 0.638). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that case-based learning is a more effective instructional method than lecture-based learning for medical students, leading to improved performance and case analysis abilities.
  • Publication
    Gram-negative bacteria as emerging pathogens affecting mortality in skin and soft tissue infections
    (Lithografia Antoniadis I - Psarras Th G.P., 2018) ;
    Ioannou, Petros
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    Tsagkaraki E.
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    Athanasaki A.
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    Gikas A.
    Introduction: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are commonly encountered in clinical practice and mainly caused by gram-positive cocci such as S.aureus and β-hemolytic streptococci. Complicated SSTIs involving deeper tissues often necessitate surgical intervention and occur in patients with significant comorbidities such as diabetes or immunocom-promising conditions. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, microbiology, and treatment of patients admitted with SSTI during a five-year period in the Internal Medicine Department of a tertiary hospital. Results: During the study period, 317 patients were recorded, with a mean age of 72.1 years. The most common underlying medical conditions were diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. Cultures were positive in 23.3 % of cases, 62.2 % of which were polymicrobial. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Enterococci, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Significant antimicrobial resistance rates were noted, in particular for gram-negative microorganisms. Mortality was higher than described in the literature and associated with age, comorbidities, and infection by gram-negative microorganisms. Conclusion: This study denotes the role of gram-negative bacteria in SSTI epidemiology. Therapeutic protocols regarding the empiric treatment of SSTIs should necessarily take into account the local epidemiology of isolated pathogens and antimicrobial resistance.
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  • Person
    Louca, Loucas T.
    Dr. Loucas Louca is an Associate Professor of Science Education at the European University Cyprus. His research interests focus on student abilities for inquiry in science, on modeling-based learning in scinece and on teachers’ instructional strategies for promoting student inquiry in science. He has also a longstanding interest in supporting professional teacher development in science education. He has been involved in several nationally and EU funded projects focusing on student inquiry in science, teacher professional development, professional learning communities, development of curriculum materials, promoting opportunities for gender balance in science education, STEM education, and promoting inquiry-based teaching and learning in science. He has also experiences in the development and enactment of afternoon clubs for young children in Science, and he also has designed various out-of-school STEM activities for students.
  • Research Project
    Mediterranean practitioners’ network & capacity
    The Mediterranean and Black Sea region is an international centre of economic and commercial development and transactions. At the same time, though, it is characterised by a very volatile and dynamically changing security environment that poses severe threats and challenges on the societies and their prosperity. MEDEA aspires to contribute to the establishment of safer and more secure societies throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea region using research and innovation as a catalyst to promote collaboration between practitioners from diverse disciplines and countries. The MEDEA project, during its 60 months of implementation aims to: Establish and Operate the MEDEA network. A multi-disciplinary network of security practitioners, with active links to policy makers and users/providers of security innovations across the M&BS countries focusing on Border Protection and other Security- and Disaster-Related tasks. All MEDEA members will engage in activities towards maintaining its sustainability and longevity even after the end of the project. Engage participants in anticipatory governance on emerging security challenges that the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions would face in the coming years (present until +10 years), based on a threefold structure that forms the backbone of the project: i) understanding the unsatisfactory state of play, ii) design the desirable future and iii) define a resilient pathway on how to achieve this. Push for the “co-creation” of security technology and capabilities innovations between practitioners and innovation. Their evaluation and prioritization will be based on a multi-criteria analysis (technology, operational, cost-benefit, etc.) and it will be linked to Human Development, Policy Making and Organizational Improvements in-terms of facilitating their use by the practitioners. Establish and annually update the Mediterranean Security Research and Innovation Agenda (MSRIA), that identifies areas where security & defence research is needed (including the research needs that are not covered by civilian research) and establishes recommendations for European Security & Defence technology investments. It will constitute the common position of the Mediterranean practitioners’ for future call for proposals from European and National funding mechanisms.
  • Research Project
    Global Response Against Child Exploitation
    GRACE aims to equip European law enforcement agencies with advanced analytical and investigative capabilities to respond to the spread of online child sexual exploitation material. The growth in online child sexual exploitation and abuse material is a significant challenge for European law enforcement agencies. Referrals of CSEM exceed the capacity of LEAs to respond in a practical and timely manner. To safeguard victims, prosecute offenders and limit the spread of CSEM, LEAs need a next-generation AI-powered investigative platform. Background The sexual exploitation and abuse of children, the production of CSEM and subsequent distribution of this material via the internet is a shocking crime. Referrals from Online Service Providers (OSPs) are crucial to fighting CSE. Growth in the number of referrals of CSEM to LEAs is driven both by increased availability and distribution of online CSEM and improved detection and reporting processes. The extent of referrals is affecting LEAs' capacity to respond promptly, leading to an inability to prevent harm to infants and children, rescue those in immediate danger, and investigate and prosecute perpetrators. Core concepts Recent improvements to the referral process have improved LEAs capabilities. However, the sheer volume of data obtained in CSE cases stretches human resources, the limits of manual analysis beyond most LEAs reach. Given there has been a 4,000% increase in referrals since 2014, a new approach to managing, processing and analysing this content is necessary. At the heart of the project, GRACE has three core concepts. Adress the volume and analyse the content of online CSEM through technological innovations; Provide genuine operational value to LEAs in their investigation of online CSEM; and Impact at the strategic and policy level in the harmonisation of EU-wide responses to CSE.
  • Research Project
    Developing Flipped Methods
    Flipped classroom (FC) is a pedagogical approach in which the conventional notion of classroom-based learning is inverted, so that students are introduced to the learning material before class, with classroom time then being used to deepen understanding through discussion with peers and problem-solving activities facilitated by teachers. Although using FC methods has multiple benefits and is growing popularity, researchers and practitioners indicate that among impediments of widespread usage of FC methods are the additional time and technological support in relation to development of flipped learning activities. The flipped approach often involves the investment of significant time and energy on the part of instructors (e.g., recording video lectures; designing additional in-class activities). It is therefore recommended for teachers flipping their courses in team. By working in team, teachers can share their experiences of implementing flipped classrooms as well as their teaching resources The “Developing Flipped Methods for Teaching” project aims at developing all the necessary flipped learning pedagogical material (out-of-class tasks, pre-assessment tools, in-class activities) for teaching a discipline (psychology) covering a whole academic year course. The project aims at overcoming the difficulties of elaborating multiple materials for teaching with flipped classroom design. By collaboration of six education institutions an entire discipline will be covered with FC materials in seven languages (English, Romanian, Hungarian, Portuguese, Bulgarian, Slovak and Greek), tackling a gap between educational research and practice. One of the project partners, The Mihai Eminescu National Pedagogical High School (Romania) is a secondary-level educational institute. Due to the particularities of the Romanian education system they offer teacher and kindergarten teacher training program, whereby graduates receive a teacher-kindergarten teacher degree. In Romania psychology is part of the secondary-level school curricula, so high schools can also benefit from educational materials translated to Romanian. Their main role in the project is to translate the developed educational methods by the higher education institutes from the partnership, to test and adapt it to the Romanian requirements. The partnership is composed from other six Higher Education Institutes with Teacher Training Faculties, who have important experience as partners or leaders Strategic Partnership projects and educational innovation. The main intellectual output of the project are the pedagogical materials for teaching an entire course of psychology with flipped classroom (FC) methods (materials for 30 courses), available in seven languages. Each pedagogical material is composed of instructional video, out-of-class work plans (online activities) associated with Low-stakes, formative assignments as well as in-class activities and assessment tools.
  • Person